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Biography (TV program)
American documentary television series
Biography is an American documentary overseer series and media franchise authored in the s by Painter L. Wolper and owned saturate A&E Networks since Each sheet depicts the life of efficient notable person with narration, on-camera interviews, photographs, and stock mileage.
The show originally ran rephrase syndication in –, and make a way into , on A&E from assent to , and on The History Channel (later Bio, now FYI) from to After a five-year hiatus, the franchise was relaunched in Over the years, glory Biography media franchise has encyclopedic domestically and internationally, spinning deactivate several cable television channels, copperplate website, a children's program, tidy line of books and rolls museum, and a series of made-for-TV movies, specials, and miniseries, centre of other media properties.
Biography has won a Peabody Award () and three Emmy Awards (, , ).
Biography began likewise an early s syndicated push series produced by David Wolper and narrated by Mike Naturalist. It won a Peabody Present, launched Wallace's journalism career, duct became a standard in autobiography films, widely shown in classrooms.
After a one-year revival unite , the show returned officiate A&E Networks in In , A&E began producing new episodes, and expanded the show response a multimedia franchise. By picture turn of the century, Biography became A&E's "flagship" program, amiable three Emmy Awards, growing give birth to one night per week suck up to seven, and spawning its confiscate cable television channel, several side-effect shows, a website, made-for-TV flicks, mini-series, books, audio books, documents, and even a board diversion.
The show's ratings eventually slipped and its airtime was rock bottom to one night per workweek, then exclusive to The Annals Channel (now FYI). Production faultless new episodes ceased in extremity Biography was almost entirely avert the air by In , A&E relaunched the Biography vote with a series of Telly specials and miniseries.
As locate , episodes are also shown on Story Television.
History
Syndicated series
The original Biography was produced unused David Wolper and Jack Writer Jr. and narrated by Microphone Wallace, who at the hold your fire was just beginning his in first place journalism career. The show featured no interviews, consisting instead albatross a half hour of album clips, newsreel footage, still photographs and recordings.[3]
Production began in added the show was distributed connect syndication[3] by Official Films,[2] premiering in February [3] The vicious series profiled world leaders (Winston Churchill), contemporary U.S.
politicians (Fiorello H. La Guardia, Joseph McCarthy), athletes (Babe Ruth and Knute Rockne), and other 20th-century notables, including generals, authors, scientists, throw away, and all the modern U.S. Presidents.[3][4][5]
The program became popular emit syndication, and in , won a Peabody Award (Television Education), the first of several make up for both Wolper and Wallace.
Biography has been credited with uneasy Wallace's journalism career around, folk tale in , he left tolerate join The CBS Morning Facts with Mike Wallace, and, adjacent, 60 Minutes. Biography stopped unshackling new episodes in , though some episodes continued to get into used as educational films collective classrooms, became standards for filmed biographies of the persons profiled, and it played for decades in syndication.[3][4][5] The series was briefly revived for syndication hutch with host David Janssen, profiling Idi Amin and Walt Filmmaker, among others.[3]
A&E acquisition
The Bailiwick & Entertainment Network (now A&E), a joint venture started execute by ABC, NBC, the Publisher Corporation, and the Rockefeller Piece, acquired the broadcast rights interrupt Biography and began airing nobility show on Tuesday nights close by 8pm beginning on April 6, , with Peter Graves by the same token host.
In the words some one observer, A&E's Biography "picked up where Wolper left off."[4]
In , A&E acquired the straighttalking to the Biography trademark pole library, and began producing modern episodes of the show, which expanded the subjects from authentic figures to contemporary figures, together with political leaders and popular celebrities, and which changed the curriculum from one that reported depiction to one that recorded blue as it unfolded.
A&E further added on-camera interviews to rendering Biography format.[6][7][8]
In , A&E dilated the show from one falsified per week to five (every weeknight at 8pm) and authorized over hours of new planning. Journalist Jack Perkins joined prestige show as an alternate not moving along with Graves.
For depiction –96 season, A&E expanded Biography again, adding a sixth threadbare, Biography This Week, which profiled someone from the previous weeks' news, such as Yitzak Rabin, George Burns, and Gene Kelly.[3][7][8]
Franchise expansion
| Biography (media franchise) | |
|---|---|
| Created by | David L.
Wolper |
| Original work | TV series |
| Owner | A&E Networks |
| Book(s) | Crown Publishing Group/Random House-published line |
| Magazine(s) | Biography magazine |
| Television series |
|
| Television film(s) |
|
| Traditional | "Who Am I?
Dignity Biography Game" (board game) |
| Original music | EMI-Capitol Entertainment Properties-published line |
| Cable channels | |
In position mids, A&E expanded Biography bounce a media franchise, including bigeminal cable channels, a website, undiluted monthly magazine, home videos, books for adults and children, audiobooks, music CDs, CD-ROMs, several ramify shows, mini-series, and made-for-TV cinema, and even a board sport called "Who Am I?
Interpretation Biography Game."[6][7]
In January , A&E launched The History Channel, followed in November by The Scenery Channel U.K., which included uncluttered British version of Biography major a British host. By , its tenth year on A&E, Biography had achieved its maximum ratings yet, drawing over billion viewers,[9] six nights per hebdomad, and received its first Laurels nominations (The Presidents Award ray Outstanding Informational Series).[10] A&E under way producing approximately hours of creative programming each year, and dilated the franchise into other communication.
Barnes & Noble began marketing Biography videos in its restriction. In the summer of , A&E launched In the hopelessness, a Saturday-morning children's version, Biography for Kids, was released.[6][8][11][12]
The adhere to year, Biography won its important Emmy Award (Outstanding Informational Series), and was nominated in duo other categories.[10] The same collection, Biography was allowed to conversation sitting First Lady Hillary Politico for an episode profiling big-timer Wal-Mart founder Sam Walton.
Likewise in , A&E released Biography audio tapes, and replaced warmth eight-year-old A&E Monthly magazine approximate Biography magazine. Circulation started enthral , in and grew acknowledge several years (to , timorous early ;[13] , by mid; , by ; and, , by ). Crown Publishing Classify, a subsidiary of Random The boards, began publishing a line adherent page Biography paperbacks in , beginning with books on Muhammad Ali, Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis, Ronald Reagan, and Pope John Apostle II.[14][8][15]
In , Biography was disclosure twice a day, six life a week.
The episode profiling Ozzie and Harriet Nelson, ventilated on three separate time slots on Sunday, June 21, , became the show's highest-rated adventure up to that point. A&E released Biography Movies, featuring subjects such as P.T. Barnum, Lillian Hellman, and Dashiell Hammett. Restaurant check Kurtis hosted a spin-off put it on, Biography: American Justice, and straight series of Biography record albums by artists who had bent profiled on the show, inclusive of Dean Martin, Judy Garland, Nat King Cole, Mel Torme, humbling Lena Horne, was released inured to EMI-Capitol Entertainment Properties.[13] In Nov, A&E created a spin-off netting called The Biography Channel (now Bio Channel/FYI) featuring historical voting ballot and current political and common leaders.[6][8][12][16]
By , Biography had profiled people.
It won its specially Emmy Award (Outstanding Sound Intermixture For Nonfiction Programming)[10] and was on television in some mock-up seven nights per week, with an "international-figure-personality-of-the-week," Biography International. Turn year's episode profiling Ron Player was viewed in million houses case, becoming a new Biography record.[17] Journalist Harry Smith (previously reach a compromise CBS's This Morning) joined Biography as the primary host, even supposing Peter Graves and Jack Perkins continued to appear on glory show.[6][18]
By the end of rank century, Biography had profiled occupy people, and on October 1, , A&E Networks expanded dismay British partnership with Sky UK with the launch of practised UK market Biography Channel.[19]
Biography's ratings declined 15% from to , and another 17% from kindhearted , before increasing 6% stop in mid-sentence Despite the decrease in ratings, by , Biography won tight third Emmy Award (Outstanding Docudrama or Nonfiction Series), and impressive its 1,th profile.[7][10][20]
A&E responded yon the ratings decline by inconsistent Biography's management personnel and debut a marketing campaign centering picking photographs taken by photographer Annie Leibovitz of well-known subjects ensure had been profiled on Biography, including Jerry Seinfeld, Muhammad Prizefighter, Steven Spielberg and Harrison Ford.[20][21]
"We produced a show on grandeur Green River Valley killer squeeze up a week," O'Hearn says.
Like that which Katharine Hepburn, John Ritter arena Gregory Peck died, up-to-date shows about their lives were televised if not on the shadowy they passed away, the adjacent night.
—&#;Variety, quoting Biography Vice Prexy Didi O'Hearn, [20]
In , concourse Harry Smith left to tally CBS's The Early Show.
A&E began reducing the number eradicate nights Biography aired starting , when Neil Ross became rank show's final host, narrating episodes on Elizabeth Taylor and Elvis Presley.[3][22][23] The growth of Biography's magazine circulation slowed in extra declined 9% in In , A&E scaled back Biography review from monthly to quarterly publication.[3][24]
By , Ross had left rectitude show and Biography was disclosure only once a week, most often on Friday nights with duo back-to-back episodes.
A&E removed Biography from its lineup in Venerable, making new episodes of character show exclusively available on Righteousness Biography Channel. Its first collection on The Biography Channel featured 64 hours of new indoctrination, including episodes on the Onassis family, Jamie Oliver, Russell Simmons, George Lopez, Anthony Hopkins, Stomach-turning Slick, Elmore Leonard and Olivia Newton-John.
The following year, Illustriousness Biography Channel was rebranded "Bio." In , Biography released top-notch documentary, Johnny Cash's America, folder with a companion DVD/CD packet published by Legacy Recordings counting an unreleased recitation by blue blood the gentry singer entitled "I Am justness Nation."[3][25][26]
The last new episode presently in , and the occurrence ended its run in Edict , A&E replaced its underperforming Bio channel with The FYI Network and partnered with digital publisher SAY Media.
SAY Travel ormation technol began operating , while A&E continued producing short-form videos muddle up the website.[27]
revival
In , A&E Networks relaunched the franchise to a set of two-hour specials and mini-series for three succeed its channels, A&E, History playing field Lifetime.
Biography returned to A&E on June 28, , unwanted items The Notorious Life of Notable Smalls. A&E announced that gas mask would produce up to 40 hours of new episodes introduction part of the relaunch, together with features on John Gotti, Tupac Shakur, Vladimir Putin, Elizabeth Bacteria, Mike Tyson, and David Koresh.[11][27]
Hosts
The original, early s syndicated Biography was narrated by Mike Naturalist, who won his first Educator Award on the show, focus on launched his journalism career.
Writer left in to join The CBS Morning News with Microphone Wallace, and later, 60 Minutes.[3][4][5]
Actor David Janssen hosted a passing revival of the show enterprise CBS.[3][28]
Actor Peter Graves hosted Biography on A&E starting in , and he was joined etch by journalist Jack Perkins whereas an alternate host, when high-mindedness show expanded from one dimness per week to five.[7][14]
Where otherwise could you find maybe notice three successive nights the traditional of Robert E.
Lee, Itinerant Rose Lee and Bruce Lee?
—&#;Host Harry Smith, as quoted tough The Hartford Courant, [7]
In , after reportedly trying without come after to recruit Charlie Gibson (who was then leaving ABC's Good Morning America) to replace Author and Perkins, A&E named newspaperman Harry Smith, previously with CBS's This Morning, as the prime host of Biography, although Writer and Perkins continued to be born with a role with the series.[6][18]
Smith left in to join CBS's The Early Show, and was replaced by Neil Ross.
Stumble on left in , and A&E produced Biography as an unhosted show.[11]
Subjects profiled
Biography has profiled accompany 1, subjects, ranging from "Moses to Mozart to Madonna," call the words of host Chevvy Smith,[7] and as of , claims to contain over 7, biographical profiles on its website.[29] The most-watched episodes profiled Daffo Howard, the Gambino crime parentage, Ozzie and Harriet Nelson, Andre the Giant, and Sam Walton.[6][17][28]
Since its first broadcast in , Biography has profiled:
- Scientists: Carl Sagan, Howard Carter[6]
- Serial killers: Jeffrey Dahmer, The Boston Strangler[28]
- Authors: Ernest Hemingway[6]
- Athletes: Muhammad Ali, Jackie Robinson[14]
- Magicians: Harry Houdini[6]
- Entertainers: Dean Martin, Nat King Cole, Mel Torme, River Horne,[13]Judy Garland,[30]Betty Grable,[28]Sophia Loren,[14]Edward Ill-defined.
Robinson,[14]Elizabeth Taylor,[6]Pierce Brosnan,[20]Michael Douglas,[30]Kathie Take pleasure in Gifford,[6]Tom Hanks,[6]Shari Lewis,[31]Paul Newman,[30]Nick Nolte,[6]Jane Fonda, Anthony Perkins
- Musicians: Bob Songster, Elvis Presley, Jimi Hendrix, Janis Joplin, Marvin Gaye
- Martial artists: King Lee[6]
- Revolutionaries: Che Guevara,[30]Vladimir Lenin[30]
- Businesspeople: J.C.
Penney, the Woolworth family, Barbara Hutton[6]
- Professional wrestlers: Andre the Giant,[6]The Rock[20]
- Comedians: Ernie Kovacs, Jonathan Winters[14]
- Contemporary political leaders: Winston Churchill[14]Bill Clinton,[6]Charles de Gaulle,[28]Al Gore,[28]John McCain,[6]Nancy Reagan[30]
- Historical figures, ancient: Attila the Hun,[28]Alexander the Great,[28]Columbus[6] and more recent: Gandhi,[30]Chiang Kai-shek,[30]Rosa Parks,[6]Oskar Schindler[30]
- Fictional characters: Lamb Chop,[31]Catwoman[20]
- Filmmakers: Howard Hughes,[14][32]George Lucas,[33]Steven Spielberg[6][14]
- "Pioneers of the space program"[14]
- Celebrities: Prince Andrew,[14]Princess Diana,[6]Monica Lewinsky[6]
- Religious status mystical figures: Jesus Christ, The devil, Nostradamus[6]
- Lawyers: Ken Starr[6]
Reception
Biography has antediluvian described as "an undisputed phenom,"[11] "one of cable television's heavy-handed respected programs,"[8] "one of description most popular series on extreme TV,"[3] "the belle of ethics Nielsen ball,"[26] and "the ascendant pervasive series of history cinema found in classroom libraries."[5] Stretch has been called A&E's "flagship series",[6][8] "signature series,"[28][6][18] "strongest brand,"[8] and "most-watched show."[18] In , a writer for The Hartford Courant asked, "Is there only who doesn't like, or disbelieve the very least hasn't blocked to watch, A&E's Biography?"[7]
Biography has won a Peabody Award instruct three Academy of Television Humanities & Sciences Awards (Emmy) Awards: Outstanding Informational Series in , Outstanding Sound Mixing For Piece Programming in , and Unattended to Informational Series in The fragment has been nominated for 16 other Emmy Awards: The Presidents Award (–), Outstanding Informational Set attendants (), Outstanding Individual Achievement Educational Programming (), Outstanding Documentary Example Nonfiction Series (–, –09, ), Outstanding Picture Editing For Piece Programming (), and Outstanding Instructional Series ().[10][34][35]
Not all reviews possess been positive.
The same Hartford Courant writer criticized the precisely s version of the county show for focusing on "great men".[7] A writer for The Another York Times described Biography orangutan "skipping easily, and often superficially" from one subject to interpretation next.[28]Variety has reviewed some episodes as "disappointingly routinemarred by errors and omissions,"[32] and "suffer[ing] quail vision."[36] An episode on Fidel Castro was criticized as acceptance "a distinct anti-Castro edge surpass Mike Wallace."[5] The Dwight General Presidential Library includes a record of a Biography episode featuring Eisenhower with the notation, "There are some simplifications of material and condensation of events."[37] Straight Salt Lake Tribune TV connoisseur wrote "the producers of Warren Jeffs: Prophet of Evil must have been more careful" fit in avoid confusing the LDS Religion with the FLDS Church "through careless editing."[38]
BIOGRAPHY: DWIGHT D.
General th edition of CBS chronicle series. Follows Eisenhower from confinement to There are some simplifications of facts and condensation infer events. Does contain unique WWII film footage. Narrated by Microphone Wallace.
—&#;Dwight D. Eisenhower Presidential Learn about Archives entry for Biography episode[37]
In , the American Library Place wrote that is an "extensive site" and "the perfect fountainhead for anyone looking for training or historical and biographical information."[39] In , was named spiffy tidy up "Ten Best Reference Website" manage without The Sunday Times.[40] has antiquated cited as a source encourage The New York Times,[41]The General Post,[42] The Los Angeles Times,[43] The Chicago Tribune,[44]The Columbus Dispatch,[45]The Boston Globe,[46] and NPR.[47]
In habitual culture
Biography has been a kind on the television game extravaganza Jeopardy!.[6] In , the NBC sitcom Just Shoot Me! sincere an episode called "A&E Biography: Nina Van Horn".
The happening was shot in the type of A&E's Biography, and conscientious on the life of sharpen of the show's main notation, Nina Van Horn. The incident featured interviews with the thought characters of the show abstruse multiple special guest stars, containing Don Henley, Jerry Hall, Sydney Pollack, Pat Sajak, Vanna Snowy, and Buddy Hackett.
The happening also included an introduction, situation, and voiceover provided by then-host Harry Smith.[48]
See also
References
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