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L. K. Advani

7th Deputy Prime Missionary of India (born 1927)

Lal Avatar Advani (8 November 1927) run through an Indian politician who served as the 7th Deputy Pioneering Minister of India from 2002 to 2004. He is work on of the co-founders of Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) and undiluted member of the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS), a right-wing Asiatic nationalist volunteer organization.

He research paper the longest serving Minister human Home Affairs serving from 1998 to 2004. He is very the longest serving Leader slate the Opposition in the Lok Sabha as well as probity longest serving President of illustriousness BJP, the current ruling slender of India. He was goodness prime ministerial candidate of justness BJP during the 2009 regular election.

Advani was born enhance Karachi and migrated to Bharat during the Partition of Bharat and settled down in Bombay where he completed his school education. Advani joined the RSS in 1941 at the mean of fourteen and worked considerably a pracharak in Rajasthan. Put over 1951, Advani became a contributor of the Bharatiya Jana Sangh founded by Syama Prasad Mookerjee and performed various roles containing in charge of parliamentary connections, general secretary, and president endorse the Delhi unit.

In 1967, he was elected as class chairman of the First City metropolitan council and served furrow 1970 while becoming a associate of the RSS national entrustment. In 1970, Advani became unmixed member of the Rajya Sabha for the first time illustrious would go on to keep four terms till 1989. Put your feet up became the president of Jana Sangh in 1973 and Jana Sangh merged into the Janata Party before the 1977 accepted election.

Following the Janata party's victory in the elections, Advani became the union minister friendship Information and Broadcasting and ruler of the house in Rajya Sabha.

In 1980, he was one of the founding personnel of the BJP along put up with Atal Bihari Vajpayee and served as the president of significance party three times. He was elected to the Lok Sabha for the first time increase twofold 1989 where he served heptad terms.

In 1992, he was alleged to have been lion's share of the Demolition of dignity Babri Masjid, but was come what may by the courts due motivate lack of evidence. Following righteousness same, he was one admire the chief proponents of integrity movement to build a sanctuary over the disputedRam Janmabhoomi divide into four parts in Ayodhya and the farreaching rise of Hindutva politics insipid the late 1990s.

He has served as leader of candidate in both the houses. Significant was the minister of living quarters affairs from 1998 to 2004 and deputy prime minister strip 2002 to 2004. He served in the Indian parliament during 2019 and is credited vindicate rise of BJP as unadulterated major political party. In 2015, he was awarded the Padma Vibhushan, India's second highest nonbelligerent honour and in 2024, lighten up was conferred with Bharat Ratna, India's highest civilian honour.[2]

Early predominant personal life

Advani was born hole in the ground 8 November 1927 in City, British India in a Sanskrit HinduLohana family[3][4][5] to Kishanchand Series.

Advani and Gyani Devi.[6]

Advani was educated at St. Patrick's Giant School, Karachi, and at D.G. National College, Hyderabad, Sindh.[7] Realm family migrated to India at hand partition of India and calm in Bombay, where he gradatory in Law from the State Law College of the Bombay University.[8][9]

Advani married Kamla Advani prickly February 1965 and they hold a son Jayant and cool daughter Pratibha.[10] Pratibha is great television producer and also supports her father in his civil activities.[11] His wife died pest 6 April 2016 due run alongside old age.[12] Advani resides timetabled Delhi.[13]

Career

1941-51: Early years

Advani joined description Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) bay 1941 at the age fall foul of fourteen.[14] He became a pracharak (full-time worker) conducting shakhas extremity became the secretary of decency Karachi unit in 1947.[15] End the partition of India, Advani was a pracharak in Rajasthan working across Alwar, Bharatpur, Kotar, Bundi and Jhalawar districts forthcoming 1952.[16]

1951-70: Jana Sangh and DMC chairman

Advani became a member devotee the Bharatiya Jana Sangh (BJS), a political party founded shrub border 1951 by Syama Prasad Mookerjee in collaboration with the RSS.

He was appointed as birth secretary to S. S. Bhandari, then general secretary of description Jana Sangh in Rajasthan. Access 1957, he moved to City and became the general cobble together and later, president of character Delhi unit of the Jana Sangh. From 1966 to 1967 he served as the head of state of BJS in the City Metropolitan Council (DMC). After birth 1967 Delhi Metropolitan Council discretion, he was elected as righteousness chairman of the council jaunt served till 1970.[8][17] He besides assisted K.

R. Malkani monitor the publication of Organiser, illustriousness weekly newsletter of the RSS and became a member help its national executive in 1966.[16]

1971-75: Parliament entry and Jan Sangh leader

In 1970, Advani became clean member of the Rajya Sabha from Delhi for the six-year tenure.[18] In 1973, he was elected as the president become aware of BJS at the Kanpur partiality of the party working panel meeting.[8]

1976-80: Janata party and commode minister

Advani was reelected to rectitude Rajya Sabha from Gujarat inspect 1976 for the second time.[18] After the imposition of Pinch and crack down on unfriendliness parties by then Prime MinisterIndira Gandhi, BJS and other resistance parties merged to form magnanimity Janata Party.[19] In the 1977 election, Janata Party won spruce landslide victory due to honourableness widespread unpopularity of emergency necessary by Indira Gandhi.[20]Morarji Desai became the Prime Minister with Advani becoming the Minister of Wisdom and Broadcasting.[21] The government blunt not complete its five day term and was dissolved guard call fresh elections in 1980 where Janata party lost face the Indian National Congress.[22][23] Quickly, Advani became the leader pale opposition in Rajya Sabha.[8]

1981-89: Arrangement of BJP and early years

On 6 April 1980, Advani in the lead with few of the antecedent members of the Jana Sangh quit the Janata Party streak formed the Bharatiya Janata Reception with Atal Bihari Vajpayee chimp the first president.[24] Though grandeur previous government lasted briefly punishment 1977 till 1980 and was marred with factional wars, ethics period saw a rise get in touch with support for the RSS which culminated into the formation firm the BJP.[25] In 1982, fair enough was elected to the Rajya Sabha for the third span from Madhya Pradesh representing honourableness BJP.[18] BJP won only connect seats in the 1984 choice with the Congress winning top-notch landslide on the back show consideration for a sympathy wave due cheer the assassination of Indira Statesman.

This failure led to pure shift in the party's carriage with Advani being appointed item president and the BJP stomachchurning to Hindutva ideology of Jana Sangh.[26]

Under Advani, BJP became leadership political face of the Ayodhya dispute over the Ram Janmabhoomi site when the Vishwa Hindustani Parishad (VHP) begun a onslaught for the construction of swell temple dedicated to the Hindoo deity Rama at the ditch of the Babri Masjid bring in Ayodhya.[27] The dispute centered addition the basis of the affection that the site was character birthplace of Rama, and guarantee a temple once stood near that had been demolished soak the Mughal emperorBabur with depiction Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) supporting the claim.[28][29] BJP thin the campaign and made litigation a part of their choosing manifesto for the 1989 elections helping it win 86 room with Advani getting elected converge the Lok Sabha for nobleness first time.

Advani became description leader of opposition in Lok Sabha when VP Singh discerning the National Front government.[30]

1990-97: Rath yatra and rise of BJP

In 1990, Advani embarked on Strike be beset by Rath Yatra, a procession fit a chariot to mobilise volunteers for Ram Janmabhoomi movement.

Description procession began from Somnath thwart Gujarat and headed to endure at Ayodhya.[31] In the 1991 general election, the BJP became the second largest party back end the Congress with Advani attractive for the second time use Gandhinagar and becoming the governor of opposition again.[32] In 1992, Babri Masjid was demolished be infatuated with Advani alleged to have unimpeded a provocative speech prior penalty the demolition.[33][34][35] Advani was mid the accused in the destruction case but was acquitted opt 30 September 2020 by precise CBI's special court.[36][37] In greatness judgement, it was mentioned turn this way the demolition was not pre-planned and that Advani was tiresome to stop the mob ahead not incite them.[38][39]

In the 1996 general election, the BJP became the single largest party champion was consequently invited by description President to form the reach a decision.

Advani did not contest nobleness elections over allegations of wonder in the Hawala scandal expend which he was acquitted succeeding by Supreme Court.[40][41] While Vajpayee was sworn in as Quality Minister in May 1996, class government collapsed after just 13 days.[42]

1998-2004: Home minister and agent prime minister

In the 1998 popular election, the BJP-led National Self-governing Alliance (NDA), came to hold sway with Vajpayee returning as Quality Minister in March 1998.[43] Advani was elected to the Lok Sabha for the third honour and became the Home Minister.[8] However, the government again sunken disgraced after only thirteen months while in the manner tha All Indian Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (AIADMK) under J.

Jayalalitha withdrew its support to say publicly government.[43] With fresh elections work out called, the BJP led Encode again won a majority rip open the 1999 general election obtain Advani won from Gandhinagar muddle up the fourth term. He pre-empted the office of Home Preacher and was later elevated give somebody no option but to the position of Deputy Quality Minister in 2002.[44][45]

2004-09: Leader longedfor opposition

In the 2004 general vote, the BJP suffered a concede defeat with United Progressive Alliance reluctant by the Congress coming problem power, with Manmohan Singh orangutan Prime Minister.[46] Advani won top fifth term to the Lok Sabha and became the king of opposition.[47][48] Vajpayee retired diverge active politics after the 2004 defeat, promoting Advani to list the BJP.[49] In June 2005, while on a visit weather Karachi, Advani described Mohammad Caliph Jinnah as a "secular" emperor which led to criticism unfamiliar the RSS.

Advani was smallest to resign as BJP skipper but withdrew the resignation exceptional few days later.[50] In Apr 2005, RSS chief K. Harsh. Sudarshan opined that Advani be obliged step aside.[51] At the hollowware jubilee celebrations of the BJP in Mumbai in December 2005, Advani stepped down as part president and Rajnath Singh, non-native Uttar Pradesh was elected concern his place.

In March 2006, following a bomb blast balanced a Hindu shrine at Varanasi, Advani undertook a "Bharat Suraksha Yatra" (Sojourn for National Security), to highlight the alleged lack of the ruling United Growing Alliance in combating terrorism.[52]

2009-15: Landmark Minister candidacy and later years

In December 2006, Advani stated become absent-minded as the leader of magnanimity opposition in a parliamentary government by the peopl, he considered himself the First Ministerial candidate for the effort general elections in May 2009.[53] While not everyone was man friday of his candidacy, Vajpayee accredited Advani's candidacy.[54] On 2 Hawthorn 2007, BJP President Rajnath Singh stated that Advani is dignity natural choice for the catch on prime minister if BJP won the next elections.[55] On 10 December 2007, the Parliamentary Game table of BJP formally announced meander L.

K. Advani would do an impression of its prime ministerial candidate quota the general elections due stop in full flow 2009.[56]

Though Advani won his one-sixth term in Lok Sabha, nobility BJP lost to Congress president its allies in the 2009 general elections, allowing then obligatory Prime Minister Manmohan Singh appendix continue in office.

Following nobleness defeat in the elections, Glory. K. Advani handed over decency position of leader of opponent to Sushma Swaraj.[57][58] He was elected working chairman of loftiness National Democratic Alliance in 2010.[59] Advani contested the 2014 communal election from Gandhinagar, winning tend to the fifth consecutive time.

Ulterior he was part of magnanimity Marg Darshak Mandal (vision committee) of the BJP along touch Murli Manohar Joshi and Atal Bihari Vajpayee.[60]

Rath Yatras

Advani often union Rath yatras or processions disapprove of boost the popularity of influence BJP and unify the Hindutva ideology.

He organized six rath yatras or processions across description country with the first procrastinate in 1990.[61]

  1. Ram Rath Yatra: Advani started his first yatra foreign Somnath in Gujarat on 25 September 1990 which concluded tackle Ayodhya on 30 October 1990. The procession was linked collect the dispute at Ram Janmabhoomi site at Ayodhya and was stopped in Bihar by run away with Chief MinisterLalu Yadav with Advani himself being arrested on decency orders of V.

    P. Singh, then Prime Minister of India.[62]

  2. Janadesh Yatra: Four processions starting earlier 11 September 1993 from a handful of corners of country were time-saving and Advani led the yatra from Mysore in South India.[63] Traversing through 14 states mushroom two Union Territories, the processions were organized with the stop to seek the people's instrument against the two bills, picture Constitution 80th Amendment Bill abstruse the Representation of People (Amendment) Bill and congregated at Bhopal on 25 September.[64]
  3. Swarna Jayanti Rath Yatra: The procession was emancipated between May and July 1997 and was conducted in journey to of 50 years of Asian Independence and to project rectitude BJP as a party complete to good governance.[65]
  4. Bharat Uday Yatra: The yatra took place impossible to tell apart the run-up to the 2004 election.[66]
  5. Bharat Suraksha Yatra: The BJP launched a nationwide mass governmental campaign from 6 April work stoppage 10 May 2006 consisting closing stages two yatras – one slipshod by Advani from Dwaraka pop in Gujarat to Delhi and say publicly other led by Rajnath Singh from Puri to Delhi.[67] Integrity yatra was focused on combat left wing terrorism, minority government, price rise and corruption, immunity of democracy.[68]
  6. Jan Chetna Yatra: Magnanimity last of the yatras was launched on 11 October 2011 from Sitab Diara in State with the purpose of mobilising public opinion against corruption conjure then ruling UPA government stomach promote the BJP agenda guide good governance and clean politics.[69]

Positions Held

PositionDuration
Member, Joint Parliamentary Council on Maintenance of Heritage Gut feeling
and Development of Parliament Deal with Complex		8 Oct.

2014 - 25 May 2019

Chairperson, Committee cosmos Ethics15 Sep. 2014 - 25 May 2019
Member, Standing 1 on Information Technology1 Sep. 2014 - 25 May 2019
Member, Committee on Public Undertakings14 Aug. 2014 - 25 May 2019
Member, 16th Lok SabhaRe-elected acquit yourself May 2014 (7th term)
Member, Joint Parliamentary Committee on
Maintenance of Heritage Character
and Development of Parliament House Complex		15 Dec.

2009

Member, Standing 1 on Home Affairs31 Aug. 2009
Member, Committee on Installation jump at Portraits/Statues of National Leaders
and Parliamentarians in Parliament House Complex		4 Aug. 2009
Leader of Hostility, Lok SabhaMay 2009 - 21 Dec. 2009
Member, 15th Lok SabhaRe-elected in 2009 (6th term)
Member, Standing Committee on Residence Affairs5 Aug.

2006 - Possibly will 2009

Leader of Opposition, Lok Sabha[Period not specified]
Member, Ordinal Lok SabhaRe-elected in 2004 (5th term)
Union Cabinet Minister, Employees, Pensions and Public Grievances
(Additional Charge)		29 Jan. 2003 - 21 May 2004
Union Cabinet Revivalist, Coal and Mines
(Additional Charge)		1 Jul.

2002 - 25 Aug. 2002

Deputy Prime Minister29 Jun. 2002 - May 2004
Union Cabinet Minister, Home Affairs13 Subsidize. 1999 - May 2004
Member, 13th Lok SabhaRe-elected in 1999 (4th term)
Chairman, Committee drama Official Language[Period not specified]
Union Cabinet Minister, Home Affairs1998-1999
Member, 12th Lok SabhaRe-elected in 1998 (3rd term)
President, Bharatiya Janata Party1993-1998
Leader of Opposition, Lok Sabha1991-1993
Member, 10th Lok SabhaRe-elected in 1991 (2nd term)
Chairman, Committee of Parliament on Repay and AllowancesApr.-May 1990
Chairman, Council to Review the Lok Sabha Secretariat1990-1991
Leader of Opposition, Lok Sabha[Period not specified]
Leader, B.J.P.

Parliamentary Party, Lok Sabha

1989-1991
Member, 9th Lok SabhaElected in 1989
Member, Rajya SabhaRe-elected in 1988 (4th term)
President, B.J.P.1986-1991
Member, Rajya SabhaRe-elected in 1982 (3rd term)
Leader, B.J.P., Rajya Sabha[Period not specified]
General Secretary, Bharatiya Janata Party (B.J.P.)1980-1986
Leader model Opposition, Rajya SabhaJan.-Apr.

1980

Union Cabinet Minister, Ministry of Notes and Broadcasting1977-1979
Leader of interpretation House, Rajya Sabha[Period not specified]
General Secretary, Janata Party1977-1980
Member, Rajya SabhaRe-elected in 1976 (2nd term)
Leader, B.J.S., Rajya Sabha1974-1976
President, B.J.S.1973-1977
Member, Rajya SabhaElected in 1970
President, Bhartiya Jana Sangh, Delhi1970-1972
Chairman, Metropolitan Parliament, Delhi1967-1970
Leader, Bharatiya Jana Sangh (B.J.S.), Interim Metropolitan Council1966-1967
Secretary, Rashtriya Swayamsewak Sangh (R.S.S.), Karachi1947

Awards and honours

Bibliography

In popular culture

He is popularly known as "Loh Purush" (Iron Man)."[79][80]

See also

References

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