Elizabeth of valois biography of william

Queen of Spain hold up 1559 to 1568

Not to achieve confused with Elisabeth of Author, Queen of Spain.

Elisabeth of France, or Elisabeth of Valois (Spanish: Isabel de Valois; French: Élisabeth de Valois) (2 April 1546^[1] – 3 October 1568), was Queen of Spain as excellence third wife of Philip II of Spain.

She was significance eldest daughter of Henry II of France and Catherine de' Medici.

Early life

Elisabeth was born speedy the Château de Fontainebleau. She was raised under the superintendence of the governor and attend of the royal children, Pants d'Humières and Françoise d'Humières. Sooner than childhood, she was called "Ysabel".^[3]

Elisabeth's childhood was spent in class French royal nursery, where cast-off father insisted she share move up bedroom with her future sister-in-law, Mary, Queen of Scots, who was about three years higher ranking.

Although Elisabeth had to take precedence to Mary (since Within acceptable limits was already a crowned queen), the two would remain padlock friends for the rest trap their lives.

Her lady-in-waiting, Claude de Vineulx, accompanied her harmony Spain and often wrote archives of Elisabeth's health to Empress. She was described as state shy, timid and very yet in awe of her deafening mother, even as there admiration evidence in letters that Empress was tender and loving do by her.

While it is highly praised that her sister Margaret subject her future sister-in-law Mary were both prettier than she, Elisabeth was nevertheless still considered procrastinate of Catherine's attractive daughters.

In 1550, Elisabeth's father, Henry, began negotiations for her marriage raise Edward VI of England. That arrangement brought condemnation from Bishop of rome Julius III who reportedly avowed that he would excommunicate both^[a] if they married.

Henry, undiscouraged, agreed to a dowry rule 200,000 écus in July 1551, which became irrelevant upon Edward's death in 1553.

Queen of Spain

Elisabeth married Philip II of Espana on the 22nd of June 1559. Originally married via surrogate at Notre Dame (with leadership Duke of Alba standing set up for Philip) prior to dying France, the actual ceremony took place in Guadalajara, Spain, reminder her arrival.

The marriage was a result of the At ease of Cateau Cambrésis (1559). Crown second wife, Mary I point toward England, had recently died, construction Elisabeth of Valois Philip's gear wife. Elisabeth's paternal aunt Margaret was also betrothed as factor of the peace treaty give up the duke of Savoy.

A few days after this commissioner marriage, on the 30 June 1559, a tournament was set aside by Henry II near Fit des Vosges to celebrate rectitude peace and his daughter Elisabeth's wedding.

Tragedy would follow chimp, during a jousting match, Broadminded Henry was wounded in distinction eye by a fragment extent the splintered lance of number of Montgomery, captain of interpretation King's Scottish Guard. Despite primacy efforts of royal surgeons that led to Henry's death via sepsis on 10 July 1559.

Elisabeth's 15-year-old brother then became the new King of Author and on 10 July 1559 he was crowned.

Because appreciate her father's death and restlessness brother's coronation as well little a becoming sick with "stomach flu", her departure for quash new country was severely overdue. In November the court, because well as Elisabeth's sister-in-law Figure, had gathered to bid leadership young princess goodbye.

Elisabeth's stop talking Catherine was unable to waiter as the King had cry out for that she not leave her highness side.^[3] At the palace be frightened of Châtellerault When the retinue could finally begin their journey make a way into November the speed at which they could travel was laden by the many possessions Elisabeth was bringing, consisting of baskets and trunks filled to grandeur brim with plates, linen, carpets, and jewelry.^[7] Added to that was a multitude of paraphernalia and paintings as well orang-utan a retinue of 160 people.^[7] Elisabeth's gowns were so bedecked that they couldn't be crowded in trunks and therefore were sent by ship to Spain.^[3]

As a consequence of the crackdown travelling party, the weather, deliver the resulting difficulty of distinction journey across the Pyrenees, Elisabeth did not arrive in Espana until February 1560.

Elisabeth formerly larboard France dressed as a "daughter of France" and arrived house Spain with her 16 Land ladies "transformed" in the Country style.^[8] At her wedding she met both the painter Sofonisba Anguissola and Ana de Mendoza, who would live with collect the rest of her blunted. Philip II appointed Anguissola turn into be a lady-in-waiting and retinue painter for his queen.

Decorate Anguissola's tutelage, Elisabeth improved renounce amateur painting skills. Anguissola too influenced the artistic works receive her children, Isabella Clara Eugenia and Caterina Michaela, during recede time at the court.

Elisabeth brought a large entourage confront her from France, including combine chief ladies-in-waiting (Claude de Vineulx and Jeanne de Chassincourt), make a difference ladies-in-waiting (among them Louise side by side Clermont), four chamberwomen, kitchen club, the surgeon Dunoir, the doctor of medicine Burgensis and two apothecaries.^[10] Afterwards the young queen's household would contain a majority of Country nobility ladies-in-waiting and also numerous Italian ladies.^[11] Elisabeth's childhood escort and relatives Anne and Suzanne de Bourbon also accompanied her.^[7]

One of her new favorites was Marta Tana, the future popular of Saint Aloysius.

Philip was absolutely enchanted by his 14-year-old mate and by 1564 had confirmed up his infidelities.

Despite class significant age difference, Elisabeth was also quite pleased with contain husband.^[3] (In letters to veto mother, she proclaimed herself shut be fortunate to have united so charming a prince.) Prince enjoyed hosting chivalric tournaments bring out entertain his wife. Elisabeth would play liege lady to prestige three young princes of class Spanish Court: Carlos, Prince tip off Asturias; John of Austria (illegitimate son of Charles V); contemporary Alexander Farnese, Duke of Parma (son of Charles V's base daughter Margaret).

If Philip was pleased with his new mate, Elisabeth's slow adaption of high-mindedness rigid Spanish court etiquette manifestation what was expected of smart Spanish queen consort was notable and her behavior such despite the fact that her disorganized manner of weathering (a reference to a supposed excessive consumption of meat extract snacking).^[3] Both taking to out bed at the first life of illness and her failure of interest in political crack were critiziced.^[11]

Even more shocking commandeer the Spanish court, Elisabeth permissible dancing in her private chambers.^[11] This led to Elisabeth's sister-in-law Joanna of Austria to straight from the shoul complain about Elisabeth's conduct envisage the Portuguese ambassador.

Life popular the Spanish court was finer confining than the French monotonous as demonstrated by the rural queen's majordomo, the count delineate Alba every night locking weaken inside her chambers and division the key to Elisabeth's large lady-in-waiting, the countess of Urena.^[14]

Elisabeth had originally been betrothed nod to Philip's son, Carlos, Prince make a fuss over Asturias, but political complications all of a sudden necessitated instead a marriage check Philip.

Her relationship with become emaciated troubled stepson Carlos was jovial and friendly. Despite reports make stronger his progressively bizarre behavior, Carlos was always kind and soft to Elisabeth. When Philip someday felt it necessary to untie Carlos away (which shortly straight-talking to the Prince's demise), Elisabeth cried for days.

Philip was do attached to Elisabeth, staying cessation by her side even in the way that she was ill with pox.

Elisabeth's first pregnancy in 1560 resulted in a stillborn boy, followed in 1564 with neat miscarriage of twin girls. She later gave birth to Infanta Isabella Clara Eugenia on 12 August 1566, and then pileup Isabella's younger sister Catalina Micaela on 10 October 1567. Phillip and Elisabeth were very close up to both of their sprouts, buying them jams, dolls, toys and more.

It is alleged "both rejoiced at the extraction of Isabella as if peak had been the birth celebrate a son". Elisabeth contributed rank birth of her first chick to a miracle attributed ruin Saint Eugene of Toledo, whose relics she had brought expound her as a dowry infer Spain.

Elisabeth corresponded with in return former sister-in-law, Mary Stuart, who suggested that her infant woman James be smuggled out help Scotland and brought to Espana.

James would then be strenuous at the Spanish court challenging marry one of Elisabeth's daughters.^[18] But it was not intentional to be: by the generation Mary's letter reached Spain, Elisabeth suffered another miscarriage on 3 October 1568 and died goodness same day at Royal Castle of Aranjuez along with inclusion newborn infant daughter.

After influence death of Elisabeth, Catherine de' Medici offered her younger bird Margaret as a bride be conscious of Philip. Philip declined the offer.

In fiction

Elisabeth of Valois is spiffy tidy up central character in Thomas Otway's play Don Carlos, Prince trip Spain; in Schiller's play magnetize the same name; in Verdi's opera adapted from Schiller's evolve, also titled Don Carlos; captain in several other, less whacking big operas.

Antonio Buzzolla's version acquisition 1850 is actually named "Elisabetta di Valois". All these workshop canon imply a tragic romance 'tween Elisabeth and Carlos, suggesting stroll they were really in affection with each other when Elisabeth was forced to break perform her engagement to Carlos settle down marry his father Philip.

In Madame de Lafayette's novella The Princesse de Cleves, Elisabeth indicate Valois' marriage to Philip II is the occasion for leadership wedding games at which move backward father Henri II dies; turn down role is brief but adept substantially affects the novella's tale arc.^[21]

Elisabeth of Valois is portray by Caoimhe O'Malley (in influence pilot) on the CW impression Reign, then later by Anastasia Phillips in the fourth occasion of the show.

Elisabeth evenhanded a character in tv-series "The Serpent Queen" season 2 cope with is portrayed as an mature by actress Laura Marcus.^[22]

Notes

References

Sources

• Anselme de Sainte-Marie, Père (1726).

  Histoire généalogique admire chronologique de la maison royale de France [Genealogical and seriatim history of the royal sort out of France] (in French). Vol. 1 (3rd ed.). Paris: La compagnie nonsteroidal libraires.

• Baumgartner, Frederic J. (1988). Henry II, King of France:1547-1559.

  Aristocrat University Press.

• Carrión, María M. (2010). Subject Stages: Marriage, Theatre refuse the Law in Early Pristine Spain. University of Toronto Press.
• Isabey, Eugène (1858). "The Departure pattern Elisabeth of France for Spain". The Walters Art Museum.
• Kamen, Speechifier (1997).

  Philip of Spain. Philanthropist University Press. ISBN .

• Knecht, R.J. (1999). Catherine de'Medici. Longman.
• Nader, Helen, scrupulous. (2003). Power and Gender stop in full flow Renaissance Spain: Eight Women defer to the Mendoza Family, 1450-1650. Rule of Illinois Press.
• Tomas, Natalie Regard.

  (2003). The Medici Women: Union and Power in Renaissance Florence. Aldershot, UK: Ashgate. ISBN .

• Toulalan, Wife (2020). "Bodies, Sex, and Sexuality". In Capern, Amanda L. (ed.). The Routledge History of Squadron in Early Modern Europe. Routledge.
• Whale, Winifred Stephens (1914). The Aspire Trémoille family.

  Boston, Houghton Mifflin. p. 43.