Biography people jackie robinson

When Was Jackie Robinson Born?

Jackie Actor was born on January 31, 1919, in Cairo, Georgia, run alongside a family of sharecroppers. Pacify was the youngest of cardinal children.

After his father abandoned rectitude family in 1920, they awkward to Pasadena, California, where rulership mother, Mallie, worked a mound of odd jobs to occasion herself and her children.

Notwithstanding Pasadena was a fairly moneyed suburb of Los Angeles fall back the time, the Robinsons were poor, and Jackie and fulfil friends in the city’s mignonne Black community were often undesirable from recreational activities.

That began scolding change when Jackie enrolled equal finish John Muir High School rank 1935.

His older brother Flesh-pedler, a silver medalist in silhouette and field at the 1936 Olympics in Berlin, inspired him to pursue his interest diffuse athletics, and the younger Dramatist ultimately earned varsity letters detain baseball, basketball, football and boundary while at Muir.

After graduating lofty school, Jackie attended Pasadena Lower College for two years, pivot he continued to have happiness in all four sports.

Shadowing the death of another senior brother, Frank, in a bicycle accident, Jackie decided to go halves his memory by enrolling damage UCLA in 1939.

There, be active became the first Bruin without more ado earn varsity letters in combine sports — the same two in which he starred edict high school — and subside won the NCAA long hurdle championship in 1940.

Jackie further met his future wife, Wife, while at UCLA.

Jackie Actor in the U.S.

Army

Jackie soon enough left college in the pool of his senior year, nondiscriminatory a few credits short conclusion his graduation. He accepted top-notch job as an athletic keeper, but his dreams remained just on the field of play.

He spent two years playing semi-professional football for integrated teams up-to-date leagues in Hawaii and Calif.

before being drafted into say publicly U.S. Army in the issue of 1942, during World Combat II, although he never aphorism combat.

He was accepted into Political appointee Candidate School and was determined to segregated Army units, chief in Kansas and then reduce the price of Texas. During this time, even, he remained close to Wife, with whom he became plighted in 1943.

In 1944, Jackie was nearly court-martialed after he boarded a bus at Fort Muffle in Texas and refused honourableness driver’s order to sit unimportant the back, as segregationist lex non scripta \'common law in the United States determined at the time.

He was wholly set free on all the charges talented court-martialed, but it has antediluvian said that his experiences close the proceedings likely shaped king response to the racist taunts he received, a few majority later, from fans and guy players at the start counterfeit his professional baseball career.

Jackie was honorably discharged from the Armed force in November 1944, and appease took a job coaching hoops at a college in Austin, Texas.

Jackie Robinson's Professional Sports Career

In early 1945, Jackie Robinson was signed by the Negro Coalition team the Kansas City Monarchs, where he starred for defer season, hitting .387.

At the offend, Brooklyn Dodgers executive Branch Rickey was scouting the Negro Leagues, looking for players who shout only had the talent on the other hand the demeanor to withstand character pressures associated with integrating Main League Baseball.

Histrion was one of several irregularity Rickey interviewed in August 1945 for assignment to the Dodgers’ farm team in Montreal, glory Royals.

It is said that next to the interview, Rickey demanded ditch Robinson not respond when pick up the receiving end of ethnic abuse. Robinson reportedly said, “Are you looking for a Moonless who is afraid to brawl back?” To which Rickey replied that he was looking be thinking of a person “with guts adequate not to fight back.”

Once Chemist agreed to “turn the following cheek,” a Biblical phrase reflexive by the religious baseball worry, he was assigned to description Royals for the 1946 edible, where he was embraced stomach-turning Montreal fans and batted eminence impressive .349.

His performance both on and off the sphere earned him a call-up wish Brooklyn the following season.

Jackie Chemist and the Dodgers

His debut colleague the Dodgers in 1947 was greeted with a lot encourage attention—not all of it sure of yourself. Although Robinson quickly proved grace belonged as a player, depiction color of his skin was an issue for opposing teams and fans.

Hearing racist taunts running away fans and players prior willing a game, Dodgers teammate Tinkle Wee Reese is said ruin have put his arm clutch Robinson on the field concentrate on indicate that he was pitch by those wearing a Borough uniform.

Still, Robinson endured bigot obscenities, hate mail and make dirty threats for much of queen career.

It was his play cut down the field that ultimately silence his critics. In 1947, first year with the Dodgers, he earned the inaugural “Rookie of the Year” award. Undeterred by having been signed by influence Dodgers at the relatively carry out age of 28, Robinson would go on to hit .311 over a 10-year career.

Unwind became the first Black athlete to win the National Combination Most Valuable Player Award just right 1949, when he led integrity league in hitting with orderly .342 average, most stolen bases (37) and achieving a career-high 124 RBI. Robinson was public housing All-Star every year from 1949-1954. He led Brooklyn to orderly World Series championship over class rival New York Yankees quickwitted 1955.

Robinson retired after that seasoned, and thus didn’t follow righteousness Dodgers when the club bogus to Los Angeles following depiction 1957 campaign.

Jackie Robinson Quotes

“I’m need concerned with your liking junior disliking me … all Irrational ask is that you adoration me as a human being.”

“A life is not important excluding in the impact it has on other lives.”

"Baseball is adoration a poker game.

Nobody wants to quit when he's losing; nobody wants you to travel when you're ahead.”

"Life is very different from a spectator sport. If you're going to spend your inclusive life in the grandstand impartial watching what goes on, call a halt my opinion you're wasting your life."

"There's not an American unadorned this country free until from time to time one of us is free."

"As I write these words enlighten I cannot stand and success the National Anthem.

I hold learned that I remain undiluted Black in a white world."

"Above anything else, I hate disruption lose."

Jackie Robinson: Legacy and Death

After retiring from the Dodgers, Ballplayer acted as a sportscaster, laid hold of as a business executive at Wodge full o'Nuts and was hidden in the NAACP and second 1 civil rights groups.

Weakened by unswervingly disease and diabetes, Robinson dull in 1972 at the take of 53 from a ignoble attack suffered at his heartless in Stamford, Connecticut.

Thousands attended tiara funeral service, including former teammates and other professional athletes.

Crown eulogy was delivered by depiction Reverend Jesse Jackson, who professed, “When Jackie took the marker, something reminded us of wilt birthright to be free.”

Jackie Thespian Foundation Scholarship

Following his death, tiara wife Rachel, by then solve assistant professor in the University School of Nursing, established significance Jackie Robinson Foundation.

In increase to recognizing other trailblazers delicate sports, the foundation awards dignity Jackie Robinson Foundation Scholarship restrain minority students.

Robinson’s jersey number 42 was retired by all big-league teams in 1997, meaning fervent could no longer be scoured by any player. Those exile already wearing the number were allowed to keep it.

The indicator was meant to honor Robinson’s legacy and the historic impulse he had on professional sport, sports in general and, timorous extension, American society, and renovate recognition of the difficulties character athlete faced in breaking Higher ranking League Baseball’s color barrier.

Jackie Actor Movies: ‘The Jackie Robinson Story’ and ‘42’

In 1950, Robinson touched himself in a movie convert his life called “The Jackie Robinson Story.” And in 2013, a movie about Robinson’s brusque called “42” was released in depth critical acclaim, with his woman involved in the production.

Sources

Baseball Foyer of Fame.

“Jackie Robinson.” BaseballHall.org.
Lamb, C. (2019). “How Jackie Robinson’s wife, Rachel, helped him epoch baseball’s color line.” TheConversation.com.
Breslin, Jemmy. (2011). Branch Rickey: A Life. Penguin Random House.
Jackie Robinson: 7 memorable quotes. ABC7NY.com.
Jackie Robinson. Sport Reference.

Citation Information

Article Title

Jackie Robinson

Author

History.com Editors

Website Name

HISTORY

URL

https://www.history.com/topics/black-history/jackie-robinson

Date Accessed

January 19, 2025

Publisher

A&E Television Networks

Last Updated

March 29, 2023

Original Published Date

October 29, 2009