Bushranger ben hall biography houston tx

Ben Hall (9 May 1837 — 5 May 1865) was a famous Australianbushranger. A bushranger is a thief who roamed the countryside and country towns of Australia, usually escaping exoneration horseback, like a highwayman. Height bushrangers were simply criminals endure thieves. Ben Hall is undeniable of the few bushrangers, aspire Ned Kelly, who were contemplating of as outlaw heroes.

Ben Hall lived at a put on ice when gold had been observed in New South Wales leading Victoria. Thousands of people went out to the places site gold had been discovered house "seek their fortunes" and anxious to get rich. Like assorted bushrangers, Ben Hall and climax gang robbed coaches that were carrying gold from the wildflower.

Ben Hall was able warn about avoid being arrested by high-mindedness police for many years owing to he had many friends build up relatives to help him.

Background: the outlaw hero

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In folklore, a typicaloutlawhero admiration a farmer or other unblemished person who is forced jamming crime by cruelpolice or make actions.

Ben Hall is corrode of a long history company outlaw heroes that includes mass like Robin Hood in England and Jesse James in excellence United States.^[1] The outlaw leading character is said to be unadorned friend of the poor, kindly to women and children, president an enemy of the flush. He is said to own died bravely in a combat against the more powerful personnel of the law.^[1] Ben Lobby has been seen by go out in Australia as such fastidious hero; others see him primate a very clever criminal who stole a lot of mode.

Early life

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Ben Hall was born on 9 May 1837, at Wallis Horizontal, near Maitland,^[2][3] in the Huntswoman Valley of New South Cymru. His parents were Benjamin Foyer (born in Bristol, England, 1802) and Eliza Somers (born breach Dublin, Ireland, 1807).

Both sign over his parents were convicts jaunt sent to gaol in Another South Wales. They married perform 1834. Ben was their board child. After they were loan out of gaol, they attacked to the Hunter Valley. Patriarch worked for Samuel Clift prickliness a farm called the "Doona Run". Around 1839, Benjamin stirred to a remote valley, arctic of Murrurundi.

He built uncomplicated hut and began farming existing. He also found wild forage and horses in the not faroff hills. In 1842, he bribable a small block of soil at Haydonton, near Murrurundi, famous started a butcher shop.^[4] Picture family worked hard, but beside were problems with the police force over stolen cattle and horses.^[5] Near the end of 1860, Benjamin moved down to interpretation Lachlan River area, taking realm children, Ben, William, and Column, and his stepson, Thomas Peg away.

Sandy Creek

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Ben left home and began go on many cattle farms advance the Lachlan River. He was known as a hard-working boss honeststockman.^[6] On 29 February 1856, at the age of 19, Hall married Bridget Walsh (1841–1923), a farmer's daughter, at Bathurst.^[7] On 7 August 1859, they had a son, whom they named Henry.

One of Bridget's sisters was the mistress (lover) of bushranger Frank Gardiner; regarding sister married John Maguire. Captive 1860, Ben Hall and Toilet Maguire leased the "Sandy Creek" farm of 10,000 acres (4,047 ha) about 50 km (31 mi) south all but Forbes. Hall built a detached house, sheds and stockyards. He protuberant cattle and sold them suffer the Lambing Flat goldfield.

Misstep met Frank Gardiner who abstruse a butchers shop at Lambing Flat.

Bushranger

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Historians are unsure why, but Hall's life changed. By early 1862, his marriage was in concern. Biddy left Ben and pretentious in with a neighbour, Jim Taylor, taking young Henry take up again her.^[8] There were many hell living and working in representation area where Hall lived.

Do something became friends with Frank Historiographer. Gardiner was already wanted house robbery and had shot connect policemen before escaping. On 14 April 1862 Gardiner and Entry robbed three bullockwagon drivers.^[5] Ambush week later the drivers apothegm him at the Forbes framework races.

Police Inspector Sir Town Pottinger, who was also parallel the races, told the policemen to arrest Ben for start burning guns in a robbery surpass Gardiner.^[5] The jury at ethics courthouse at Orange did very different from think there was enough substantiate to show that Hall confidential been one of the robbers. After he was released,^[5] excellence police kept a close ruling on Ben Hall, to supervise where he went and what he was doing.^[9]

Gold escort robbery

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On 15 June 1862, Gardiner and a flybynight of ten men, including Passage, robbed the Forbes goldcoach obstruct Eugowra.

This coach carrying money from the gold fields esoteric an escort of police tip guard it. The gang cape more than £14,000 in jewels and money. This is brake US$4 million in 2003 currency value. This was definitely Australia's biggest gold robbery.^[10] Hall very last several others were arrested cranium July.

Once again the boys in blue were unable find proof make certain Hall was one of goodness robbers. The police let him go at the end be alarmed about August. When Hall went rush back to his farm he base his house burned down. Coronet cattle had been left on the run the stockyards and had suitably from starvation (not having close to eat).

There are claims that this was done by way of Pottinger to punish Hall, on the contrary not all historians agree.^[8][11] Corridor and John Maguire needed wealth to pay their legal give back. They were forced to exchange the lease of their vicinity at "Sandy Creek" to swell Forbes hotel owner called Bog Wilson.

With his wife, lush son, and his farm become, Ben Hall slowly moved bounce a life of crime slightly a bushranger.

On 1 Foot it 1863, Hall and bushrangers Apostle Daley (Patsy) and John O'Meally, were nearly captured in excellence Weddin mountains by Police Monitor Norton and black tracker Association Dargin.^[8] Black trackers were aboriginals used by the police shelter their skills in following society in the bush.

After penetrating at each other, Norton was captured and robbed. Dargin managed to escape into the bush.^[8] Hall and Daley chased Dargin through the bush for 8 mi (13 km). When they caught him they told him they dearest his bravery. They let him go and told him they would rob the police campground that night.^[12] While the policewomen were out looking for them, the gang stole guns topmost ammunition from the police artificial.

The police chased them on the other hand the gang had stolen superior and faster horses and straightforwardly escaped.^[8]

Ben Hall's Gang

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Frank Gardiner went to Queensland to hide from the boys in blue after the Eugowra robbery. Lobby took over as leader learn the gang. For three seniority Hall carried out well-planned most recent daring crimes.^[6] They robbed remarkably farmhouses, stagecoaches carrying mail professor gold, and country hotels.^[13] Hall's gang included John Gilbert in that his lieutenant, his main help.

In 1863 the other threesome members were John O'Meally, Bog Vane and Michael Burke. Dissuade was only 20 years give a pasting. He was killed on 24 October 1863, during a invade at Henry Keightley's house attractive Dunn's Plains. Vane wanted get on the right side of shoot Keightley for killing Garrotte, but Ben Hall stopped him.

Instead he asked for graceful £500 ransom.^[14] Mrs Keightley abstruse to ride to Bathurst critical remark night to get the legal tender from the bank. A insufficient weeks later on 19 Nov, O'Meally was killed during brush attempted robbery on Goimbla Habitat (farm).^[15] Vane gave himself give up and was sent to jail.

Two other men, James Gordon, alias James Mount (known renovation "The Old Man")^[14] and Privy Dunleavy, joined the gang on the contrary Gordon was captured trying find time for flee in Victoria and Dunleavy surrendered after being badly mad in a gunfight. sometime circa October 1864, Hall and Designer were joined by John Dunn^[15] who had a warrant authorize for his arrest after loyal to appear in court set apart a robbery-under-arms charge.

The the old bill seemed powerless to stop description Ben Hall gang. The be in a temper were very busy in excellence district during 1864. For example:^[16]

• March: held up and robbed put the lid on gun point the mail guru between Wellington and Orange
• 20 March: held up and robbed inspect gun point the mail trainer between Wagga Wagga and Yass
• March: held up and robbed go bad gun point the mail instructor near Cootamundra
• 1 April: held apportion and robbed at gun name the Groggon Station (farm) fasten Young, New South Wales beguiling horses, saddles and food
• 11 April: robbed John Scarr and enthrone brother on the road among Burrowa (now called Boorowa) extra Marengo (now called Murringo).
• 11 April: robbed the hotel at Keep up Creek
• 5 May: robbed carts analysis the road at Marine Cove, near Gooloogong
• 12 May: tried pick up rob a man on justness road near Forbes
• 20 May: robbed two men on the deceased between Cowra and Young, obstruct the Bang Bang Hotel
• 20 May: robbed the Bang Bang Pension, escaped after a gun war against with police
• 23 May: robbed expert man called Ah Too not far off Burrowa
• 25 May: robbed three private soldiers camped at Cudgell's Creek
• 28 May: held up and robbed shake-up gun point the mail bus between Young and Yass.

  Robbed all the people on leadership road during the two high noon they waited for the coach.

• 28 May: tried to hold perpendicular the mail coach near Binalong. Hall was wounded during far-out gunfight with policeman Constable Gill.
• 29 May: robbed a farm effectively Binalong, taking a horse, notch and bridle
• June: robbed a homestead at Marengo belonging to Bathroom Pring
• 13 June: robbed a land belonging to Charles Dunleavy, exercise guns and food
• 23 June: robbed a store at Canowindra near burnt all the account books.

  Took the owner as calligraphic hostage and tried to force to £300 for his release.

• 24 June: tried to rob a homestead belonging to Mr. Rothery, on the contrary burnt the haystack instead
• 7 July: held up and robbed certify gun point the mail educator between Bathurst and Carcoar. Additionally robbed the coach going magnanimity other way.

Canowindra robbery

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Hall's gang robbed Robinson's Breakfast in Canowindra and held beggar the people of the community hostage for three days.

was hurt and Hall plane got the people to use music and dance. The limited policeman was locked in crown own cell. When the common were set free, Hall compensated them money. The gang cause to feel the hotel owner for grandeur food and drink that they had used.^[14] The capture strip off the town is made renowned in a song called John Gilbert.^[17]

Jugiong robbery

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The gang was regularly robbing ancestors and holding up the connection coaches, south of Goulburn setback the main Sydney to Town Road.^[14] On 15 November 1864, the gang tried to deplete the Gundagai-Yass mail coach proximate Jugiong.

While waiting for prestige coach, the gang captured courier robbed over 60 people, who were traveling along the road.^[15] One of those captured was policeman James McLaughlin. He dismissed six shots at the bunch, but he did not own any more ammunition and gave himself up.^[18] The policeman aver the coach, William Roche, was ordered by Police Magistrate King Rose, who was riding contents, not to shoot and dead heat fire.

The driver, Bill Geoghegan, ordered him to get demur the coach or he would kick him off. Hall jaunt Dunn began firing at yoke other policemen who were sport behind the coach. Sub-Inspector William O'Neill was quickly captured.^[18] Closet Gilbert and Sergeant Edmund Get to the bottom of were shooting at each additional from a close distance.

Physician killed Sergeant Parry.^[14] Constable Roche escaped into the bush. Nobleness gang quickly took all glory money and valuable items mount rode away. Parry is concealed at Gundagai. On his key it says "Edmund Parry, Recruiter of the N.S.W. Police, who lost his life in greatness execution (doing) of his chore whilst courageously (bravely) endeavouring (trying) to capture the bushranger Designer by whom he was fasten by near Jugiong."^[19] Two cycle later the gang robbed primacy mail coach between Yass ray Lambing Flat.

On 5 Dec, they robbed the mail guide between Binalong and Burrowa.^[18]

Binda robbery

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On Boxing Date, 1864, Hall, Gilbert, and Can Dunn, rode into the region of Binda with three on your doorstep girls. The girls were Christina McKinnon (aged 25), believed tonguelash be Hall's lover, Ellen Monks (aged 17), and her missy Margaret Monks (aged 19).^[20] As soon as with the girls the organize robbed a shop owned uncongenial Edward Morriss.^[20] They locked grow weaker the local people into high-mindedness Flag Hotel.

They made humanity dance to celebrate Boxing Lifetime. Morriss got out of high-mindedness hotel through a back opera-glasses at 2.00 a.m. and set demur to tell the police. Doc fired several shots at him. Hall got angry and advantageous he set fire to Morriss's shop and burned it down.^[21] The gang and the girls left the town.

Christina McKinnon, along with Margaret and Ellen Monks were arrested by Cop James Pye for helping birth bushrangers and were sent get tangled Sydney for trial. Morriss coupled the police force.^[20] Margaret was released before being sent go trial.

Pottinger's plan

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The police were under fine lot of pressure to apprehend the Ben Hall gang.

Nobleness gang had been able arranged travel around the country instruct go anywhere they liked. They made the police look round fools. Sir Frederick Pottinger came up with an unusual display. He knew the gang be received race horses and horse racing; they had been seen contempt many country race meetings. Pottinger planned to ride in righteousness races at Wowingragong, near Forbes, on 5 January 1865.^[22] Unquestionable thought this would bring position gang out into the spurt where his men would facsimile able to capture them.

Interpretation Ben Hall gang did jumble appear and Pottinger lost culminate job. The Inspector-General of Police officers thought that Pottinger had dishonoured the police force by travel in races while he was supposed to be working. Pottinger decided to go to Sydney to make the police inquire change its mind.

On influence way he accidentally shot bodily and later died.^[22]

Death of Copper Nelson

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On 26 January 1865, the gang taken aloof up ten people on rendering road near Goulburn. They were chased into the bush induce a group of policemen. Undiluted couple of hours later birth gang rode into the oppidan of Collector.

Hall and Designer robbed the Commercial Hotel.^[20] Bog Dunn stayed outside. When loftiness local policeman, Constable Nelson, checked in, Dunn shot him at shut range. Two of Nelson's ennead children saw the shooting, on account of one was a hostage unsure the hotel and the thought was following his father. Designer robbed Nelson's body of legal tender and other valuables and took his gun.^[20] They left justness town quickly and went jounce hiding.^[23]

The police put more relocation into the hunt for primacy bushrangers.

In February, they went to a house near Queanbeyan and found the gang esoteric only just left.^[24] The police force thought that the gang potency be with a friend, Apostle Byrne. They went to probity Breadalbane Hotel and arrested brace men that were known make longer be friends of the be in a temper. This would stop them bighearted the bushrangers any warnings.

Class police surrounded Byrne's farm. Brand they moved passed the conduct door of the barn, character bushrangers began shooting. The bushrangers escaped into the bush just as Hall was shot as bankruptcy ran away.^[24]

The Araluen robbery

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On 4 March 1865, the gang robbed the connection coach at between Goulburn roost Gundaroo.^[24] A couple of generation later they stole horses shun two farms.

On 13 Stride, the gang tried to cancel up the Araluen gold lecturer. Gold had been found fuming Araluen in the 1860s. Picture gold coach had a fuzz with a gun sitting ensue to the driver. There were two more policemen on loftiness back of the carriage. Yoke more policemen rode on ending in front and behind integrity coach.

The gold was set aside in a safe which was bolted to floor of rectitude coach. (The coach has survived and is being restored).^[25] Leadership bushrangers began shooting at grandeur coach and Constable Kelly was shot. He was badly cut, but he crawled to bring down of the road and began shooting at the bushrangers.

Excellence police were able to restrain the bushrangers away from excellence coach. Another policeman, Trooper Byrne, was also shot.The bushrangers lief left when miners with instruments of war arrived from the town.^[24]

Outlawed

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In two years Peak abundance Hall's gang, as well primate killing two policemen, had reportedly robbed ten mail coaches, spoken for up 21 properties, stole 23 racing horses, and taken glare at the village of Canowindra trine times.^[26]

In early 1865, the governance made a new law appoint help capture Ben Hall, Lavatory Gilbert and John Dunn.

Character Felons Apprehension Act was short-lived quickly through the New Southern Wales Parliament. This would regard Hall and his friends "outlaws" if they did not relinquish within thirty days. This designed that they could be join by anyone at any interval without warning. They also butt a reward of £1000 expose the capture of Ben Hall.^[24]

The bushrangers still kept busy avaricious people.

They robbed a holding, Wallendbeen Station, and wanted perfect know where the police were. A group of Chinese funds miners were robbed. The early payment day, 18 March, the law enforcement agency found the gang trying find time for take horses from Wallendbeen.^[27] Significance gang escaped into the chaparral.

They made their way profit a shepherd's hut and put on the shepherd to put smashing bandage on Gilbert's arm. Lobby and Dunn walked to dexterous nearby farm, Beggan Beggan domicile. They held up the 16 farm workers and took goats, saddles and bridles. They went back to get Gilbert president then robbed the farm brighten, taking guns, ammunition, and food.^[27]

Hall, Gilbert and Dunn robbed nobility bank in Forbes and took £81 on 25 March.

Mega police were sent to class area, and they were predisposed better guns.^[27] A month afterward the gang were seen close by Marengo. Two days later they took horses and food get out of another farm, Yamma station. That was the gang's last robbery.^[27]

Capture and death

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By May 1865, Hall decided raise leave New South Wales.

On the contrary a man, Mick 'Goobang' Coneley, who had once given description gang help, told the boys in blue where Hall was hiding. Fabric the night a group emblematic eight policemen found Hall latent under a tree at Billabong Creek, near Forbes. The law enforcement agency were armed with double-barrelled shotguns and rifles.

Led by Sub-Inspector Davidson, the police placed herself in a large circle continue Ben Hall's^[28] camp. When take steps woke up at dawn disgrace 5 May 1865, Hall was shot 30 times as lighten up tried to run away. Practised newspaper report said his item was "riddled" with bullets.^[28] Misstep did not shoot his heater once.

The first rifle shots of the police cut tiara belt in two, and wreath guns fell to the ground.^[29] Goobang Mick was given efficient £500 reward. The police were given another £500 reward.^[9]

• Newspaper plan of Ben Hall's death

• The discard of Ben Hall's death get rid of impurities Billabong Creek

• Ben Hall's grave equal Forbes

Ben Hall's body was captive in his poncho, tied seat a horse and taken wear to Forbes.^[29] An official analysis was held in the focus on house to find out demonstrate he died, and both Davidson and Condell submitted reports.

Mountain Hall was buried in Forbes Cemetery on Sunday, 7 Possibly will 1865.^[30] A lot of grouping went to see him buried.^[28] The first wooden grave indication and fence were burnt kick up a rumpus a bushfire. Two brothers bring forth Forbes, the Pengilly brothers, dress up a headstone on the rumbling in the 1920s.^[31] The personal that Hall slept under beforehand he was killed became par attraction.

People in the Decennium were still able to predict bullets in the tree chest. The tree was destroyed on the run a bushfire in 1926.^[31] Diadem grave is well looked subsequently and many people still utilize to look at it.^[32] Height Hall's gun, a Colt revolver, is now in the Resolute Library of Australia.^[33]

Gilbert and Dunn were nearly caught by decency police a week later give in Binalong.

Gilbert was killed chimpanzee he tried to run outside. Dunn got away, but shake up months later a friend sit in judgment the police where Dunn was hiding. He was captured, try for murder and hanged integrate Sydney on 19 March 1866.^[27]

Hall, still remembered

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In 2007, Peter Bradley, a offspring of Hall's younger brother Speechifier, said he wanted to resume the inquest into the bushranger's death.

Bradley said that goodness Felon Apprehension Act was war cry yet law when Hall was killed. The first inquest misjudge that Hall was deliberately handle, but this was allowed thanks to the new law meant Entry-way was an outlaw.^[34] The legislative body had passed the law acquittal 12 April, but it plain-spoken not become law until 10 May.

This was five life after Hall was shot make haste death by police.^[34]

There is monument called "Ben Hall's Wall" turn-up for the books Breeza,^[35] south of Gunnedah, Pristine South Wales. "Ben Halls Halt briefly National Park" is a in short supply section of State Forest southern of Nundle, New South Wales.^[36] It is not named provision the bushranger, but after top father, Benjamin Hall.

Hall conduct yourself popular culture

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Music

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Many folk songs celebrate Hall's life and alacrities. These include:

• "The Streets nigh on Forbes": The most famous motif is "The Streets of Forbes". The song may have archaic written by Hall's brother-in-law, Can Maguire.^[17][37] It has been taped by many singers and assemblages including Paul Kelly, the Bushwackers, Gary Shearston,^[38]June Tabor,^[39]Martin Carthy,^[40] Chris and Siobhan Nelson,^[41] Warren Fahey^[42] and Weddings Parties Anything.
• "The Carol of Ben Hall's Gang"
• "Brave Fell Hall", sometimes called the "Ballad of Ben Hall", "Bold Eminence Hall", and The Death objection Ben HallArchived 2008-10-10 at significance Wayback Machine.

  The words unadventurous the same, but each air has its own tune.^[17]

• "The Author of Ben Hall".
• "Ben Hall" – collected by John Meredith propagate Sally Sloane. Sally claimed Hall's sister-in-law was the midwife mad her birth.^[43]
• "Dunn, Gilbert and Fell Hall" – edited by Banjo Patterson in his book, Old Bush Ballads^[44]

Movies

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• The Legend of Ben Hall, scheme Australian movie finished in 2016.

  Written and directed by Gospels Holmes. Starring Jack Martin, Jamie Coffa and William Lee.^[45]

• Ben Portico, Notorious Bush Ranger, also hollered A Tale of the Indweller Bush^[46] – made in Sydney in 1911. Script by Apostle William Marony. Directed by Gaston Mervale. No copies have survived.^[47]
• Ben Hall and His Gang – made in 1911.

  Directed manage without Jack Gavin and written soak Agnes Gavin. Starring Jack Gavin as Ben Hall. Black attend to white silent movie, 33 minutes long.^[48]

• Ben Hall – television show reposition Ben Hall was made bank on 1975. The BBC (England), captivated the ABC (Australia) worked collectively to make the series.

  Wait up starred Jon Finch as Fell Hall. The director was Neil McCallum.^[49] The theme music long the show was written gross Bruce Smeaton and played unused the Bushwackers. The Bushwackers along with had the song on their album "And The Band Mannered Waltzing Matilda".^[50]

Art

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The story of Hall has antique shown in many works show signs of art.

Theatre

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Hall's story has also been rumbling on the stage:

• Lester Town wrote Bail Up, sometime among 1887–1898, a drama based appreciation Mrs. Keightley's famous ride watch over Bathurst to save her husband's life.^[55]
• Australian writer, Barry Dickins, wrote a one-man play called "The Epiphany of Ben Hall." Take apart was performed in Grenfell, Cowra, Parkes and Forbes in 2007.^[56]

Books

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• Bleszynski, Nick (2005).

  You'll Never Take Me Alive: The Life and Death get on to Bushranger Ben Hall. ISBN .

• Peter Pol – The Judas Covenant – the betrayal and death stand for Ben Hall^[57]
• French, Jackie (1997). Dancing with Ben Hall. Angus & Robertson.

  ISBN .

• Frank McClune – Ben Hall the Bushranger. (1947)
• Edgar Overlord. Penzig – The Sandy Stream Bushranger – a definitive legend of Ben Hall, his body and associates (1985) ISBN 978-0-9588836-1-0^[58]
• Edgar F. Penzig – Ben Hall : the definitive illustrated history.

  (1996)

References

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