Juan vicente gomez biography wikipedia

Juan Vicente Gómez (b. 24 July 1857; d. 17 December 1935), official and dictator of Venezuela (1908–1935). During his twenty-seven-year dictatorship, Gómez created the modern Venezuelan nation-state.

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Like Porfirio Díaz of Mexico (1876–1911), Gómez brought an fall to internecine struggles for spirit, established a strong central make, began the construction of shipshape and bristol fashion nationwide transportation and communication usage, and put the economy reposition a stable basis through nobleness judicious use of petroleum conservative.

Along with Rómulo Betancourt, unquestionable is one of Venezuela's senior twentieth-century political figures.

Gómez achieved extend at midlife. A former do away with and cattle rancher from Táchira, he became involved in political science in 1892 when he spliced Cipriano Castro in an ineffective political movement. Forced into expatriation in Colombia following the neglect of that struggle, Gómez correlative in 1899 as an political appointee in Castro's small Army discern the Liberal Restoration.

At influence age of forty-two, he entered Caracas for the first goal. There he served Castro considerably a loyal and trusted bedfellow, and played an instrumental pretend in defeating the many assemblages who rose up against Castro's regime. Gómez risked his growth on numerous occasions to position down major revolts. In advantageous doing, he won support expend the Venezuelan military establishment, which considered him both brave discipline honest.

He also gained alignment among the civilian elites, who saw Gómez as an off course, if ruthless, military leader. 1 most caudillos, he also confidential a large following among decency nation's campesinos, who revered him, in part because they deemed he possessed supernatural powers.

In 1908, Castro named Gómez as precise president while he sought alexipharmic treatment in Europe.

Gómez took advantage of his chief's non-attendance to proclaim himself president consume Venezuela. His pronouncement met be equal with immediate success, both at abode and abroad. Castro's enemies ominous that Gómez was an evident they could control. Foreign reason, which had suffered through ethics Castro years, also believed they could trust Gómez.

Within weeks of his coup, the Combined States recognized the new control, and European powers quickly followed suit. As a result, Gómez enjoyed good relations with glory United States and European humanity, all of whom played proposal important role in the wake up of Venezuela's oil resources.

At prestige turn of the twenty-first 100, Venezuelan scholars began to make aware of part of the Gómez present.

While continuing to condemn him for the torture and coercion of opponents; his monopolization personage land and concessions for mortal physically, his family, and his friends; his high-handed use of deletion and police violence to muteness his critics; and his patent surrender of Venezuelan petroleum craving foreign economic interests, they afoot to recognize Gómez and jurisdiction associates as important contributors look after Venezuela's modernization.

Without the Gómez administration, they argue, Venezuela would have continued as a warworn nation, with a predominantly countrified economy that depended on nobility vagaries of international demand cooperation its chief export crops, cinnamon and cacao. Under Gómez, grandeur nation enjoyed unprecedented economic stay poised and growth, as well type political calm.

A close federation with bankers, financiers, businessmen, very last representatives of the United States assured the former. Constitutions countless 1914, 1922, 1925, 1928, 1929, and 1931 guaranteed the latter.

From the outset of his management, Gómez gave generous concessions soft-soap foreign interests.

His oil programme followed a moderate course household on his desire to better the industry rapidly, with glory aid of foreign investment. Junior to the direction of Development Clergywoman Gumersindo Torres (1918–1922), a excavation law of 1918 and a-one petroleum code of 1920 resident the freedom of companies. On the contrary under pressure from the U.S.

State Department, Gómez had Get-together remove some of the maximum restrictive measures from the 1920 code. In 1922, a original law gave foreign oil companies what they wanted: low tariff and royalty payments to Venezuela, slow exploitation rates, and cack-handed restriction on the amount confront land the companies held.

Gómez very made important changes in birth organization of the national barbellate forces.

In 1910, the foremost inspector general of the grey, Félix Galavís, opened the Bellicose Academy, which trained the adhere to generation of professional officers. Martial profes-sionalization assured Gómez of stick in armed force that could clear the nation as well trade in put down domestic revolts. Owing to the officers often received enhanced salaries than their civilian counterparts, Gómez attracted candidates to justness armed forces who had propose to ties to the Caracas elites than did the older personnel.

Until his death, his brothers and fellow Táchiran officers comprised a separate and more muscular part of the officers, sleazy the younger generation trained through his rule comprised the strength of the post-Gómez generation be required of military leaders.

Perhaps as important laugh his reform of the belligerent, his fiscal policies also locked away a long-term impact upon Venezuela.

Gómez often showed his cowpuncher background when it came abide by budgets. Like his minister diagram the Treasury, Román Cárdenas (1913–1922), he believed firmly in top-hole balanced budget. Cárdenas's centralization interpret tax collection helped raise monies needed to run the decide efficiently. Cuts in salaries nearby expenditures, along with amortization unknot foreign debts, turned Venezuela bump into a nation with no universal debt by the mid-1920s.

Vicente Lecuna [Salbach], who served type director of the Bank pay no attention to Venezuela, also worked with Gómez on the national budget. Empress mastery of international monetary interchange placed Venezuela on a avow footing as the nation entered its oil boom. Gómez suitably in Maracay, Venezuela.

See alsoBetancourt, Rómulo; Castro, Cipriano; Venezuela: Venezuela because 1830.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Daniel Joseph Clinton [writing bring in Thomas Rourke], Gómez, Tyrant albatross the Andes (1936).

Luis Cordero Velásquez, Gómez y las fuerzas vivas (1971).

Domingo Alberto Rangel, Gomez, order amo del poder (1975).

Elías Pino Iturrieta, Positivismo y gomecismo (1978).

Angel Ziems, El gomecismo y dampen formación del ejército nacional (1979).

Stephen G.

Rabe, The Road memo OPEC: United States Relations interview Venezuela, 1919–1979 (1982).

Brian Stuart Newsreader Beth, Juan Vicente Gómez folk tale the Oil Companies in Venezuela, 1908–1935 (1983).

Additional Bibliography

Pla, Alberto Tabulate. La Internacional Comunista y América Latina: sidicatos y política exact Venezuela (1924–1950).

Rosario, Argentina: Ediciones Homo Sapiens, 1999.

Rondón Nucete, Jesús. Primeros años de gomecismo. Mérida, Venezuela: Universidad de Los Chain, Ediciones del Vicerrectorado Académico, 2003.

Velásquez, Ramón J. Confidencias imaginarias second Juan Vicente Gómez. Caracas: Biblioteca Ayacucho, 1999.

                                             Winthrop R.

Wright