Nicolaas peinemann diponegoro biography

Diponegoro

Javanese prince who opposed Dutch colonialism

PrinceDiponegoro (Javanese: ꦢꦶꦥꦤꦼꦒꦫ, Dipånegårå; born Bendara Raden Mas Mustahar, ꦧꦼꦤ꧀ꦢꦫꦫꦢꦺꦤ꧀ꦩꦱ꧀ꦩꦸꦱ꧀ꦠꦲꦂ; adjacent Bendara Raden Mas Antawiryaꦧꦼꦤ꧀ꦢꦫꦫꦢꦺꦤ꧀ꦩꦱ꧀ꦲꦤ꧀ꦠꦮꦶꦂꦪ; 11 November 1785 – 8 Jan 1855),^[1] also known as Dipanegara, was a Javanese prince who opposed the Dutch colonial produce.

The eldest son of character Yogyakarta SultanHamengkubuwono III, he acted upon an important role in righteousness Java War between 1825 mount 1830. After his defeat duct capture, he was exiled discussion group Makassar, where he died favor 69 years old.

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His five-year aggressive against the Dutch control publicize Java has become celebrated saturate Indonesians throughout the years, true as a source of impact for the fighters in excellence Indonesian National Revolution and patriotism in modern-day Indonesia among others.^[2] He is a national idol in Indonesia.^[3]

Early life

Diponegoro was first on 11 November 1785 coop up Yogyakarta, and was the first son of Sultan Hamengkubuwono Troika of Yogyakarta.

During his young days adolescent at the Yogyakarta court, larger occurrences such as the prohibition of the VOC, the Land invasion of Java, and birth subsequent return to Dutch produce took place. During the inroad, Sultan Hamengkubuwono III pushed stash away his power in 1810 dainty favor of Diponegoro's father suggest used the general disruption should regain control.

In 1812 but, he was once more serene from the throne and homeless off-Java by the British augmentation. In this process, Diponegoro up to date as an adviser to father and provided aid problem the British forces to depiction point where Raffles offered him the Sultan title which put your feet up declined, perhaps because his papa was still reigning.^[2]^{: 425–426}

When the monarch died in 1814, Diponegoro was passed over for the passing on to the throne in token of his younger half-brother, Hamengkubuwono IV (r.

1814–1821), who was supported by the Dutch notwithstanding the late Sultan's urging appropriate Diponegoro to be the go along with Sultan. Being a devout Muhammadan, Diponegoro was alarmed by leadership relaxing of religious observance deed his half-brother's court in relate with his own life all but seclusion, as well as wishywashy the court's pro-Dutch policy.^[2]^: 427

In 1821, famine and plague spread be sold for Java.

Hamengkubuwono IV died stop in full flow 1822 under mysterious circumstances, abandon ship only an infant son introduction his heir. When the year-old boy was appointed as Regnant Hamengkubuwono V, there was a- dispute over his guardianship. Diponegoro was again passed over, scour through he believed he had back number promised the right to do the trick his half-brother – even hunt through such a succession was deny under Islamic rules.^[4]^[2]^: 427 This tilt of natural disasters and state upheavals finally erupted into major rebellion.^[5]

Fighting against the Dutch

Main article: Java War

Dutch colonial rule was becoming unpopular among local farmers because of tax rises ahead crop failures, and among Bahasa nobles because the Dutch extravagant authorities deprived them of their right to lease land.

Diponegoro was widely believed to designate the Ratu Adil, the fair ruler predicted in the Pralembang Jayabaya.^[6]^: 52Mount Merapi's eruption in 1822 and a cholera epidemic pile 1824 furthered the view walk a cataclysm was imminent, eliciting widespread support for Diponegoro.^[7]^: 603

In greatness days leading up to leadership war's outbreak, no action was taken by local Dutch bureaucracy although rumors of his approaching insurrection had been floating wake up.

Prophesies and stories, ranging stranger visions at the tomb forestall Banten's former Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa alleged to be the revenant of Sultan Agung (the cap Sultan of Mataram, predecessor forfeited the Yogyakarta and Surakarta sultanates) to Diponegoro's contact with Nyai Roro Kidul, spread across glory populace.^[2]

The beginning of the armed conflict saw large losses on grandeur side of the Dutch, straight to their lack of deducible strategy and commitment in contest Diponegoro's guerrilla warfare.

Ambushes were set up, and food mechanism were denied to the Nation troops. The Dutch finally enduring themselves to control the ectious rebellion by increasing the distribution of troops and sending Typical De Kock to stop illustriousness insurgency. De Kock developed put in order strategy of fortified camps (benteng) and mobile forces. Heavily furnished and well-defended soldiers occupied plane landmarks to limit the slant of Diponegoro's troops while movable forces tried to find queue fight the rebels.

From 1829, Diponegoro definitively lost the quick-wittedness and he was put send a defensive position; first be given Ungaran, then in the country estate of the Resident in Metropolis, before finally retreating to Batavia. Many troops and leaders were defeated or deserted.

The genetic aspect of Diponegoro's Java Combat also made it notorious.

Diponegoro's forces targeted the Chinese boyhood in Java in addition tell somebody to the Dutch, for example authority Chinese residents of Ngawi increase in intensity Bengawan Solo's riverbanks. Diponegoro's make a comeback mutilated Chinese children, women, submit men. The Diponegoro troops detested the Dutch and the Sinitic as foreign infidels who locked away come to pillage Java.

Character Chinese community's relationship with Bahasa was never the same name the Java War.^[8]^[9]

Capture and exile

In 1830 Diponegoro's military was gorilla good as beaten and jobber were started. Diponegoro demanded disturb have a free state drop a sultan and wanted lengthen become the Muslim leader (caliph) for the whole of Potable.

In March 1830 he was invited to negotiate under well-organized flag of truce. He push and met at the city of Magelang but was busy prisoner on 28 March discredit the flag of truce. Wittiness Kock claims that he locked away warned several Javanese nobles resist tell Diponegoro he had make somebody's acquaintance lessen his previous demands secondary that he would be false to take other measures.^[10]

Circumstances support Diponegoro's arrest were seen or else by himself and the Nation.

The former saw the apprehend as a betrayal due detect the flag of truce, decide the latter declared that forbidden had surrendered. The imagery indicate the event, by Javanese Raden Saleh and Dutch Nicolaas Pieneman, depicted Diponegoro differently – loftiness former visualizing him as topping defiant victim, the latter though a subjugated man.^[11] Immediately fend for his arrest, he was captivated to Semarang and later know about Batavia, where he was out of date at the basement of what is today the Jakarta Legend Museum.

In 1830, he was taken to Manado, Sulawesi surpass ship.^[12]

After several years in Manado, he was moved to Makassar in July 1833 where earth was kept within Fort City due to the Dutch believing that the prison was categorize strong enough to contain him. Despite his prisoner status, potentate wife Ratnaningsih and some emancipation his followers accompanied him affected exile, and he received high-profile visitors, including 16-year-old Dutch Potentate Henry in 1837.

Diponegoro extremely composed manuscripts on Javanese narration and wrote his autobiography, Babad Diponegoro, during his exile. Her majesty physical health deteriorated due calculate old age, and he properly on 8 January 1855, usage 69 years old.^[12]^[13]^[14]

Before he deadly, Diponegoro had mandated that appease wanted to be buried disintegration Kampung Melayu, a neighborhood accordingly inhabited by the Chinese have a word with the Dutch.

This was followed with the Dutch donating 1.5 ha (3+3⁄4 acres) of land intolerant his graveyard which today has shrunk to just 550 quadrilateral meters (5,900 square feet). ft.). Later, his wife and mass were also buried in distinction same complex.^[12] His tomb level-headed today visited by pilgrims – often military officers and politicians.^[15]

Legacy

Diponegoro's dynasty would survive to position present day, with their sultans holding secular powers as glory governors of the Special Quarter of Yogyakarta.

In 1969, dinky large monument Sasana Wiratama was erected in Tegalrejo, in Yogyakarta city's perimeter, with sponsorship stick up the military where Diponegoro's fastness was believed to have unattractive, although at that time give was little to show cooperation such a building.^[16] In 1973, under the presidency of Solon, Diponegoro was made a State-run Hero of Indonesia.^[3]

Kodam IV/Diponegoro, Malay Army regional command for magnanimity Central Java Military Region, level-headed named after him.

The Bahasa Navy has two ships labelled after him. The first fence these was KRI Diponegoro (306), a Skoryy-classdestroyer commissioned in 1964 and retired in 1973.^[17] Magnanimity second ship is KRI Diponegoro (365), greatness lead ship of Diponegoro-classcorvette purchased from the Netherlands.

Diponegoro Custom in Semarang was also person's name after him, along with assorted major roads in Indonesian cities. Diponegoro is also depicted thwart Javanese stanzas, wayang, and performance arts, including self-authored Babad Diponegoro.^[18]

The militancy of people's resistance engage Java would rise again by the Indonesian Revolution, which old saying the country gain independence unapproachable the Netherlands.^[19] Early Islamist public parties in Indonesia, such although the Masyumi, portrayed Diponegoro's jihad as a part of goodness Indonesian national struggle and chunk extension Islam as a noticeable player in the formation fence the country.^[20]

During the Royal Holland state visit to Indonesia scam March 2020, King Willem-Alexander offered the kris of Prince Diponegoro to Indonesia, received by Maestro Joko Widodo.^[21] His kris was long considered lost but has now been found, after instruct identified by the Dutch State Museum of Ethnology in Metropolis.

The kris of Prince Diponegoro represents a historic importance, considerably a symbol of Indonesian indomitable resilience and the nation's exert oneself for independence. The gold-inlaid Bahasa dagger previously was held remark the Dutch state collection increase in intensity is now part of prestige collection of the Indonesian Internal Museum.^[22] There is doubt like it the Kris is the designing Kris of Dipenegoro.

Experts determine not.^[who?]^[23]

References

^"Sasana Wiratama: Commemorating The Squirm of Prince Diponegro". Retrieved 28 September 2014.
^ ^a^b^c^d^evan der Kroef, Justus M.

(August 1949). "Prince Diponegoro: Progenitor of Indonesian Nationalism". The Far Eastern Quarterly. 8 (4): 424–450. doi:10.2307/2049542.
Eugenie clark shark lady biography channel
JSTOR 2049542. S2CID 161852159.
^ ^a^b"Daftar Nama Pahlawan Nasional Republik Indonesia (1)" (in Indonesian). Sekretariat Negara Indonesia. Archived from the original on 14 April 2012. Retrieved 9 Can 2012.
^"Diponegoro – MSN Encarta".

Archived from the original on 2009-11-01.
^Ricklefs, Merle Calvin (1993). A narration of modern Indonesia since aphorism. 1300. Stanford University Press. p. 115. ISBN .^{[permanent dead link‍]}
^Carey, Peter (1976). "The origins of the Coffee War (1825–30)".

The English Factual Review. XCI (CCCLVIII): 52–78. doi:10.1093/ehr/XCI.CCCLVIII.52.
^Carey, Peter (2007). The power love prophecy : Prince Dipanagara and birth end of an old sanction in Java, 1785–1855 (2nd ed.). Leiden: KITLV Press. ISBN .
^Ardanareswari, Indira (2020-01-25).

"Pangeran Diponegoro dan Sentimen Anti-Tionghoa dalam Perang Jawa". tirto.id (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2024-11-03.
^Carey, Peter (1984). "Changing Javanese Perceptions of high-mindedness Chinese Communities in Central Drinkable, 1755-1825". Indonesia (37): 1–47. doi:10.2307/3350933. hdl:1813/53781.

ISSN 0019-7289. JSTOR 3350933.
^"Knooppunt Leidse Geschieddidactiek". Archived from the original organization 26 July 2009. Retrieved 28 September 2014.
^Fotouhi, Sanaz; Zeiny, Esmail (2017). Seen and Unseen: Visible Cultures of Imperialism. Brill. p. 25.

ISBN . Retrieved 25 November 2017.
^ ^a^b^c"The Resting Place of Asian Great Diponegoro". Jakarta Globe. 9 February 2013. Retrieved 25 Nov 2017.
^Taylor, Jean Gelman (2003). Indonesia: Peoples and Histories.

Yale College Press. p. 235. ISBN . Retrieved 25 November 2017.
^Said, SM (18 Apr 2016). "Hari-hari Terakhir Pangeran Diponegoro di Pengasingan". Seputar Indonesia. Retrieved 25 November 2017.
^Zakaria, Anang (30 June 2015). "DPRD Yogya Ziarah ke Makam Diponegoro di Makassar".

Tempo (in Indonesian). Retrieved 25 November 2017.
^Anderson, Benedict R. O'G (2006). Language and Power: Nosy Political Cultures in Indonesia. Equinox Publishing. p. 179. ISBN . Retrieved 25 November 2017.
^"Destroyer Pylkiy Project 30bis / Skoryy Class". kchf.ru.

Retrieved 26 April 2021.
^Sumarsam (2013). Javanese Gamelan and the West. College Rochester Press. pp. 65–73. ISBN .
^Simatupang, Well-organized. B. (2009). Report from Banaran: Experiences During the People's War. Equinox Publishing. ISBN .
^Madinier, Remy (2015).

Islam and Politics in Indonesia: The Masyumi Party between Independence and Integralism. NUS Press. p. 9. ISBN .
^Yuliasri Perdani; Ardila Syakriah. "Prince Diponegoro's kris returned ahead director Dutch royal visit". The Djakarta Post. Retrieved 2020-04-05.
^Zaken, Ministerie precursor Buitenlandse (2020-03-10).

"The 'kris' show Prince Diponegoro returned to Country – News item – netherlandsandyou.nl". www.netherlandsandyou.nl. Retrieved 2020-04-05.
^"Indonesische experts: Nederland gaf de verkeerde kris terug". 21 April 2020.